@article {587106, title = {Vocal experimentation in the juvenile songbird requires a basal ganglia circuit}, journal = {PLoS Biol}, volume = {3}, number = {5}, year = {2005}, note = {

Olveczky, Bence PAndalman, Aaron SFee, Michale Seng2005/04/14 09:00PLoS Biol. 2005 May;3(5):e153. Epub 2005 Mar 29.

}, month = {May}, pages = {e153}, abstract = {

Songbirds learn their songs by trial-and-error experimentation, producing highly variable vocal output as juveniles. By comparing their own sounds to the song of a tutor, young songbirds gradually converge to a stable song that can be a remarkably good copy of the tutor song. Here we show that vocal variability in the learning songbird is induced by a basal-ganglia-related circuit, the output of which projects to the motor pathway via the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the nidopallium (LMAN). We found that pharmacological inactivation of LMAN dramatically reduced acoustic and sequence variability in the songs of juvenile zebra finches, doing so in a rapid and reversible manner. In addition, recordings from LMAN neurons projecting to the motor pathway revealed highly variable spiking activity across song renditions, showing that LMAN may act as a source of variability. Lastly, pharmacological blockade of synaptic inputs from LMAN to its target premotor area also reduced song variability. Our results establish that, in the juvenile songbird, the exploratory motor behavior required to learn a complex motor sequence is dependent on a dedicated neural circuit homologous to cortico-basal ganglia circuits in mammals.

PLoS Biol. 3(5): e153, May 2005\ (pdf).

}, keywords = {*Vocalization, Animal/drug effects, Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Basal Ganglia/drug effects/*physiology, Finches/*physiology, Functional Laterality, Muscle, Skeletal/physiology, Stereotaxic Techniques, Tetrodotoxin/administration \& dosage/pharmacology}, isbn = {1545-7885 (Electronic)1544-9173 (Linking)}, author = {{\"O}lveczky, B. P. and Andalman, A. S. and Fee, M. S.} }