@article {587066, title = {The basal ganglia is necessary for learning spectral, but not temporal, features of birdsong}, journal = {Neuron}, volume = {80}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {

Ali, FarhanOtchy, Timothy MPehlevan, CengizFantana, Antoniu LBurak, YoramOlveczky, Bence PengR01 NS066408/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/T32 MH020017/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t2013/10/01 06:00Neuron. 2013 Oct 16;80(2):494-506. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.07.049. Epub 2013 Sep 26.

}, month = {Oct 16}, pages = {494-506}, abstract = {

Executing a motor skill requires the brain to control which muscles to activate at what times. How these aspects of control-motor implementation and timing-are acquired, and whether the learning processes underlying them differ, is not well understood. To address this, we used a reinforcement learning paradigm to independently manipulate both spectral and temporal features of birdsong, a complex learned motor sequence, while recording and perturbing activity in underlying circuits. Our results uncovered a striking dissociation in how neural circuits underlie learning in the two domains. The basal ganglia was required for modifying spectral, but not temporal, structure. This functional dissociation extended to the descending motor pathway, where recordings from a premotor cortex analog nucleus reflected changes to temporal, but not spectral, structure. Our results reveal a strategy in which the nervous system employs different and largely independent circuits to learn distinct aspects of a motor skill.

Neuron. 80(2):494-506. September 2013 (pdf). Write up in the Harvard Gazette\ here.\ Software package and users manual for implementing the CAF experiments described in the paper can be downloaded\ here.

}, keywords = {Animals, Basal Ganglia/*physiology, Finches/*physiology, Learning/*physiology, Motor Cortex/*physiology, Neural Pathways/physiology, Reinforcement (Psychology), Thalamus/*physiology, Time Factors, Vocalization, Animal/*physiology}, isbn = {1097-4199 (Electronic)0896-6273 (Linking)}, author = {Ali, F. and Otchy, T. M. and Pehlevan, C. and Fantana, A. L. and Burak, Y. and {\"O}lveczky, B. P.} }